Yes, there are specific criteria for identifying a Doppler "hook echo" on radar, which is a key indicator of potential tornado formation. Here are the main criteria:
Shape: The hook echo appears as a pendant or hook-shaped feature extending from the radar echo, usually in the right-rear part of the storm relative to its motion.
Location: It is typically found in the lower portions of a supercell thunderstorm.
Rotation: The hook echo is associated with a mesocyclone, which is a rotating updraft within the storm.
Reflectivity: The hook is caused by precipitation wrapping around the back side of the updraft, often indicating strong counter-clockwise winds.
While the presence of a hook echo increases the likelihood of a tornado, it doesn't guarantee one. Meteorologists also look for other signatures, such as the Tornado Vortex Signature (TVS), which indicates intense concentrated rotation.
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